مشروعیت قرض اور حالت عسر میں میعاد قرض میں توسیع کے اسلامی اصول

Islamic Principles: Legitimacy of loans and Extension of Repayment in The Time of Financial Distress

Abstract

This study investigates the Islamic perspective on the Quran, Hadith and Islamic Law (FIQH), its definitions, legal principles and moral responsibilities. It checks how the four major Sunni Schools - Hanfi, Shafi, Maliki, and Hanbali - How to explain the loan rules, especially what can be borrowed and how it should be repaid. Research highlights the validity of debt in Islam, focusing on the Quranic concept of Quran-e-Hasana (a compassionate and interest-free loan), which promotes financial impartiality and social welfare. Hadith emphasized the importance of paying further loans honestly and rewarding others to help others in financial difficulty. Islamic teachings encourage creditors (lenders) to be patient with struggling borrowers and, when possible, forgive the loan as an act of charity. This study also examines the role of debt in the economy, stating how Islamic principles support fair money distribution and prevent financial exploitation. It discusses the rules of documentation of loans, resolving disputes and expanding the deadline for those who cannot pay. Conclusions suggest that Islam balances financial responsibility with social justice, ensuring that the loan is used morally and not as a tool for harassment. By combining traditional Islamic teachings with modern financial practices, this research provides valuable insight into Islamic finance and moral borrowings. The study argues that Islamic debt theory provides a permanent and fair financial system, promoting both economic stability and social kind.